Chapter 817 fried egg

In 1956, Henri Roth led a French expedition to discover 10,000 frescoes in the Sahara Desert.

The following year, he brought back to Paris a total of about 11,600 square feet of fresco reproductions and photographs, which became a world sensation for a while.

Judging from the large number of ancient cultural relics unearthed, about 10,000 to 4,000 years ago, the Sahara was not a desert, but a prairie, an oasis with lush vegetation. At that time, many tribes or ethnic groups lived on this beautiful and fertile soil, creating a highly developed culture.

The main feature of this culture is the widespread popularity of polished stone tools and the manufacture of pottery, which is a sign of the development of productive forces. There are also Saharan and Tiphina texts in the murals, indicating that the culture at that time has developed to a very high level.

This news was undoubtedly extremely shocking and sensational at the time. No one could have imagined that the yellow sand land that spread over 9 million square kilometers used to be a dense forest and grassland.

As of now, human beings have long had a more detailed understanding of the history of the earth, and it is not worthy of further sensation under the two-phase confirmation.

However, when everyone saw the picture of herds of cattle and sheep on the mural, and compared it with the lonely scene outside the cave, they could still feel the surprise and surprise.

The expressions or techniques of murals are not complicated, but the content is rich and colorful.

Judging from the strokes, a rough and simple touch emerges spontaneously.

Bi Fang got closer, and gently blew the dust off the wall, the picture became a little clearer in an instant, and even the colors seemed to be brighter.

“Prior to the industrial age, pigments were an expensive thing.”

“But human beings have never lacked ingenuity in making pigments. During the Ice Age, when human life was barbaric and short, it was still possible to find time for artistic creation.”

“Blombers Cave on the West African coastline has unearthed the remains of tools dating back 100,000 years: millstones and stone hammers for pounding red ochre pigments, and for mixing animal fat and urine to decorate bodies, hides and caves wall of abalone shells.”

“In the caves of Chauvet, Lascaux and Altamira, the petroglyphs from 1,500 to 3,500 years ago used black charcoal, chalk and broken bone, and red ochre that was earthy red and yellow. Ferrite minerals have also witnessed the superb skills of early humans in the use of color.”

“But the classic true red cannot be extracted from iron oxide minerals, because the latter’s red comes from the soil and is less chromatic than sunset or blood red.”

“Most of the murals use different rocks and soils, such as red iron oxide, white kaolin, ochre, green or blue shale, etc. as pigments, and some also use blood and animal fat, what we have in front of us is Such.”

Bi Fang took a closer look and smelled it. Although thousands of years later, he could still smell something different. It was a wounded cow, gurgling blood from its abdomen, perhaps to express it more vividly. The painter Use real blood directly.

Perhaps it was too long ago, and the redness of the blood was no longer visible on the frescoes, but it was more like brown.

On the other hand, the colors of the other pictures are more vivid, and red can be seen at a glance.

Bi Fang stepped forward to smell it.

“The red rock on the platform is ground into powder, and water is added to paint it. Because the pigment water penetrates into the rock wall, the long-term contact with the rock wall causes chemical changes and dissolves into one, so the picture is vivid. It lasts for a long time, and for thousands of years, the color is still bright and dazzling after the wind and the sun.”

“It’s also a rather peculiar phenomenon.”

[What is the skill of judging the type of paint by nose]

【I want to learn this】

【Why do you want to learn anything? Do not teach! 】

【Pick up】

On the rock wall that spreads more than ten meters, there are many figures besides cattle and sheep.

Many are majestic warriors, showing a majestic and inviolable demeanor, holding spears and round shields, riding on chariots and galloping rapidly, showing the scene of expedition.

Some are also wearing loincloths and small caps; some are without weapons, like percussion instruments; some are like offerings, like welcoming the coming of the “god”, perhaps a symbolic portrayal of the gods; some The figures are all in dancing poses.

As for the inside, it’s too dark to see clearly, and Bi Fang didn’t rashly set it on fire.

“To be honest, I really don’t know much about murals, so I can only match it with the chemical paint from a historical perspective. I can’t do it from a cultural perspective.”

[Mr. Fang is joking]

[I only know a million dots]

[Look at the humility of the boss]

“However, in addition to cultural value, murals still have many other practical values, such as changes in historical climate. In addition to natural sampling and analysis, historical climate research is also inseparable from such historical data. These two are mutually confirming relationships. ”

Proxy evidence for reconstructing historical climate generally falls into two broad categories.

The first is historical document records, which can be roughly divided into weather records, meteorological disaster records, phenology records, regional climate characteristics and their impact records, etc.

The second is the evidence of natural substitution. Currently, the commonly used ones mainly include tree rings, ice cores, stalagmites, corals, lake and bay sediments, etc.

“Historical climate research is an important part of historical geography, especially historical physical geography. The main purpose is to study the history of climate, reveal the laws of climate change in the past, and use the past for the present.”

“Many studies now point out that the era of human influence on the natural evolution of the earth has come. When the human living environment is faced with a series of serious challenges such as global warming and frequent extreme weather and climate events, the study of climate change in historical periods will change. extremely important.”

“Okay, since there are murals here, let’s not bother. Pigment substances are very sensitive to carbon dioxide.”

“The murals in the Altamira caves, one of the 12 treasures in Spain, were severely damaged in the 1960s and 1970s because of the carbon dioxide introduced by a large number of tourists.”

“Since then, it has been limited and opened, and now the list of people waiting to visit has been in three years.”

“Let’s look at another cave and see if there is nothing left.”

Finally, after looking at the murals, Bi Fang took Alpha out of the cave and went to several other caves in the same rock wall to have a look, and found that in addition to the one just now, there are also some corresponding paintings in the others. , about two-thirds of the total.

And in those caves without murals, Bi Fang also found some other interesting things.

“In the wild, when you encounter a cave, don’t be so excited that you can explore. Dark and damp caves are the favorite shelter for many poisons, especially in the desert, where the sun is hot during the day, and animals have to find a dark place To escape the heat, caves are their first choice.”

Without worrying about damaging the mural, Bi Fang lit a torch, squatted down, and used the torch to attract the attention of the poisonous snake in front of him.

“Look, a horned viper.”

Bi smiled.

The Desert Horned Viper is a snake that is easily recognized by ordinary people because of the two clearly visible horns on its head.

At this time, the horned viper was curled up behind a rock, and its body with the same color as the gravel was tightly curled together, like a spring compressed to the extreme, obviously ready to attack.

Although I have caught several poisonous snakes in the desert, but the poisonous snake is often lost, it means the end, only zero times, so Bi Fang did not dare to get too close.

【I have seen it in the animal world! 】

[Vipers are poisonous, right? 】

【Is this lunch today? (dog head)]

[Fuck, this corner is so domineering! 】

【Accuracy rate】

【Is this horn a bone? On the head? That’s a bit arrogant]

“No, unlike the hardened keratin of rhino horn, the two horns on the head of the horned viper are extensions of the snake’s normal scales, which means you can’t see these two small horns on its skull.”

“The two horns can even be folded, and when it goes through the subterranean sand layer, they flatten the top of the head. When touched, they also fold up.”

“As a desert-dwelling snake, the horns could theoretically protect their eyes from the harsh rays of the sun, maintaining their vision intact while crawling on the dunes.”

“However, it’s also possible that they use their horns to lure, with their scales rubbing up and down, side to side, camouflaging species such as wriggling worms, and luring rodents, which they then hunt.”

“One of the hallmarks of this species is that it buries itself in loose sand dunes, with only its eyeballs exposed, and passing animals see only its horns and eyes.”

Bi Fang brought the torch close, and the audience could clearly see the lower body of the snake buried in the gravel.

The cave has experienced wind and sun all year round, and a lot of gravel has accumulated within the first few meters.

“These snakes are almost never found in human settlements. They have been carefully evolved to survive in desert areas. They store the precious moisture and morning dew of their recently eaten prey within their scales.”

“It is said that Celestus in Greek mythology was created in the image of a horned viper.”

Celestus Greek, one of the lesser-known chapters of Greek mythology, is a terrifying horned serpent monster.

Legend has it that this beast was born out of the blood of Medusa in the Libyan desert, and is an evil regenerating head.

“According to legend, Celestus jumped out of the sand and was dragged into the sand with his fangs while waiting for a traveler to pass by. The beast moved in a sideways fashion, said to be because thousands of years ago, Helen of Troy stepped on Paris’s back while eloping, which is exactly the same way that the horned viper moves.”

The Desert Horned Viper, one of 4 species of rattlesnakes in the world, does not glide forward, but moves directly sideways, with only two small body parts touching the ground, in order to minimize contact with the scorching desert ground.

Professional researchers can directly judge the number of scales on the abdomen of the horned viper by the snake marks left on the sand, and then know the size and age of the body.

“As for its toxicity, I won’t say much about it. It’s very strong. If it is bitten, there is a probability of death. The venom will damage the cell membrane and the core of these cells. The death is usually kidney failure, because the cells are ruptured and the organs cannot function properly. ”

[Every time I talk about how fierce and poisonous snakes are, and then I get so close and so rascal, it’s annoying [wonderful]]

[Austin Stevens, the South African snake king, used to broadcast frequently on the Science and Education Channel. I remember being bitten by a viper in one episode, and I forgot whether it was a horned viper or a Gabon viper]

[One thing to say, one thing, every time I watch Fang Shen introduce poisonous snakes, I get scared (covers face)]

“And this one…”

Bi Fang tried to bypass the horned viper and look behind it, but at this moment the horned viper suddenly made a louder rustling sound, tense again, and the imminent attack dispelled his idea of ​​trying.

Of course, just look around the idea, not give up on catching it.

Bi Fang stared at the horned viper and explained while shaking the torch in his hand.

“The horned viper has a calm personality, but when faced with a threat, they curl up into a C-shape and rub their bodies to warn the enemy.”

“Because their scales are quite hard, they can rub a powerful noise, like a sawscale viper. Both adults and larvae of this species have the ability to make this particular rustling noise, and they also have a sharp bite. ability, so we have to be careful.”

The torch emitting high heat firmly attracted the attention of Horned Viper. Bi Fang held a tree stick in the other hand and waited quietly for the opportunity.

As he said, catching poisonous snakes is a very dangerous thing, so Bi Fang seldom gets his hands on it directly, usually pressing his head with a tree stick and then beheading it directly.

Bi Fang caught a lot of rattlesnakes with this trick.

“Not all snakes hunt by thermal induction, usually only Pitviparidae.”

“Snakes such as rattlesnakes, pit vipers, desert vipers, and bamboo leaf greens all have extremely developed cheek socket structures and use thermal induction as the main means of locking their prey.”

The opportunity is coming soon.

When the Horned Viper couldn’t bear it anymore and finally jumped out to attack, the tree stick in Bi Fang’s hand also slammed down, hitting the Horned Viper’s head immediately.

This shot was heavy, almost not for the purpose of pressing, and it smashed its head directly, causing the horned viper to roll wildly on the spot, and the gravel underneath twisted into messy patterns.

【The stick has made a great contribution! 】

【I have a headache】

【This is too accurate】

Bi Fang didn’t let it suffer for too long, he stepped forward and looked at the gap and pressed his head, and chopped off the head with a knife.

The only remaining body was still struggling, Bi Fang used a tree stick to open the snake’s head, and then used a stick to push away the rock where it was hiding.

As the rocks rolled to the side, dozens of round eggs came into view. UU Reading www.uukanshu.com

Bi Fang flicked the brim of his hat and whistled.

“Sure enough, I just wanted to say that this one seems to be a female snake. Viperidae generally lay eggs in July and August, and most snakes also do so at this time.”

“If I remember correctly, most of the horned vipers are active in April, and after 50 to 80 days they lay their eggs, which is exactly June and July.”

“We are lucky, we can eat fried eggs tonight.”

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