Vol 3 Chapter 308 Vacuum 0 point energy

When antimatter cannot be obtained on a large scale, it becomes crucial to find a new energy source for interstellar travel.

Although nuclear fusion can support a whole star to burn for billions of years, it is based on the fact that stars occupy more than 99% of the mass of the entire galaxy.

In this universe, except for the star system, the larger space is an endless void.

There may be some wandering planets or asteroids in the void, but most of them will be areas that are rarer than ordinary vacuum matter.

Therefore, the nuclear fusion engine is not only insufficient in energy density, but also the supplement of nuclear materials for future interstellar travel is a huge problem.

Although this is not a big problem for Yang Qing, because he can refine storage equipment.

Unlike ordinary silk-woven storage bags or one-time-use storage runes, whether it is deuterium or helium III, they are all gaseous, not only have a small mass, but also occupy a larger space.

This is also known to everyone in Lanxing, hydrogen energy vehicles are the most environmentally friendly, but the promotion has not had much effect, because hydrogen is difficult to store.

Therefore, ordinary storage devices, even with a space of a few hundred cubic meters, are of no great use.

However, by using some high-end alloys, storage devices with a capacity of more than hundreds of thousands of cubic meters and capable of withstanding enormous pressure can be produced, which can be considered as a solution to the storage problem of nuclear raw materials.

Therefore, the only drawback of Yang Qing’s use of the fusion engine is that its power has an upper limit, and it is difficult to reach more than 30% of the speed of light, even if a gravitational thruster is used.

Not to mention that in order to achieve interstellar travel, the minimum curvature flight or space jump technology also needs to be mastered. Their instantaneous power consumption is the ultimate that ordinary fusion engines cannot provide.

In fact, from this aspect, antimatter is really an extremely ideal energy source in the interstellar age.

Although the antimatter fountain observed in the United States, if it is occupied, it may be possible to obtain almost endless antimatter.

But this universe is huge, but it’s also actually very small.

Not to mention the distance of thousands of light years, how long will it take to get there.

Since the United States, which has just left the planet, can observe this source of antimatter, then there is no reason why other people, alien life with higher technology, cannot discover it.

Compared with other energy sources, the efficiency of antimatter is too high, matter is completely annihilated, and the conversion rate is close to 100%.

The reason why it is not 100% is mainly because when a large amount of antimatter is annihilated, photons will be produced, as well as a large number of neutrinos and gamma rays.

Although high-energy photons and gamma rays can also be used, the efficiency is obviously not as good as the energy that appears directly.

Therefore, the source of antimatter must be guarded by people of higher civilization.

It’s just that the preservation of antimatter is really a problem, it can’t be in contact with any positive matter, otherwise it will be annihilated directly.

Therefore, the usual storage method is to use a magnetic field with high magnetic flux to store them in a high vacuum environment.

And over the years, the amount of antimatter prepared on the Blue Star has not exceeded a few grams, and this has already counted the ones made by Xiao Ai at the Moon Palace Base.

The most important thing is that Xiao Ai discovered that even if the rune technology from the prehistoric era is used to produce antimatter, although the efficiency is a little higher, the consumption is greater than that of the Blue Star technology.

This makes the potential of antimatter as an energy source for interstellar travel even lower.

In the solar system, it is true that solar energy can be used as an energy source for antimatter production, but it is not so convenient to produce antimatter if it is far away from the star system, or in a strange star system.

In fact, seriously, whether it is nuclear fusion engines or antimatter annihilation, they can already be used as the basis for interstellar travel, but there are limits to the places they can reach.

What Yang Qing wants is once and for all, even if the temporary utilization rate is a little lower, he can not rely on external material supply.

In fact, he already has his own goal, which is the legendary dark energy, or chaotic energy.

Dark matter and dark energy are actually hypotheses.

It was still when scientists observed the universe that they discovered a large number of suspected phenomena that violated gravitation, which can be well explained by assuming the existence of dark matter.

Modern astronomy has well confirmed the existence of dark matter through the movement of celestial bodies, the phenomenon of Newton’s universal gravitation, the gravitational lens effect, the large-scale composition of the universe, and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Dark energy is related to the accelerating expansion of the universe.

According to the theory of the Big Bang, it has been more than 10 billion years since the birth of the universe.

Then, with the passage of time, as the first impetus for the birth of the universe, the force of the expansion of the universe has actually been produced in an instant.

And in the future process, this power should be gradually attenuated.

However, the facts we observe are not the case, because the universe is not slowing down, but is constantly accelerating its expansion.

This point can be confirmed by the redshift phenomenon of galaxies in the distant universe.

This also proves that apart from the moment of the Big Bang, after that, there is still some kind of driving force that accelerates the expansion of the universe.

It can be said that dark matter and dark energy are ubiquitous, but they do not react with electromagnetic force, so they are almost invisible to humans who mainly observe the world with electromagnetic force.

The way humans observe dark matter now is mainly based on weak interactions, because some dark matter will have weak interactions.

Yang Qing was lucky. He brought back his consciousness from the prehistoric world, allowing him to directly observe the existence of dark energy and dark matter without any equipment.

In fact, aura is a kind of dark energy, but this kind of dark energy is relatively active, it is easier to react with living organisms, and it can also be used under certain conditions, such as runes.

But the content of aura, unless it is under certain circumstances, is extremely low.

Although it is not a troublesome thing for Yang Qing to create aura.

But what it consumes is energy. According to the conservation of energy, the aura produced is always less than the original energy, and its conversion efficiency is even less than that of an ordinary steam engine.

It’s just that the huge effect of spiritual energy~www.readmtl.com~ makes this kind of low efficiency not a defect.

If it is inside the star system, this is actually not a big problem. With the huge fusion reactor of the sun, there is actually no shortage of energy.

However, in the vast interstellar travel, this conversion efficiency has become a big defect.

Because the gravitational thruster used by the spacecraft, its energy source is only aura.

If a suitable energy source can be found from these dark energies, then everything will be easily solved.

In fact, there is another direction, that is the vacuum zero-point energy.

According to the prediction of quantum theory, there is a huge background energy in the vacuum, which will not disappear even at absolute zero.

Modern scientists believe that the vacuum is a system composed of positrons and negative electrons rotating wave packets, and the energy associated with this phenomenon is the vacuum zero-point energy.

Dirac described the vacuum state through quantum field theory, and believed that the vacuum is a sea of ​​energy that fluctuates.

Through the measurement of the Casimir effect, the existence of the vacuum zero-point energy has been confirmed for the first time, and it is very close to the theoretical value.

All the matter in the universe comes from the electromagnetic fluctuation of the zero point. If this energy can be extracted at will, then human beings will truly realize the freedom of energy.

Because of vacuum zero-point energy, it is truly pollution-free, cheap, and ubiquitous.

And vacuum zero-point energy is not completely without logic, at least it can be verified through cold nuclear fusion, and zero-point energy can even be extracted by some method.

In fact, in Yang Qing’s view, the so-called zero-point energy and dark energy should be different ways of expressing certain things.

Dark energy, in fact, is some characteristics that some vacuum energy shows when the sea tide rises,